The Arrangement of Hots Question Card Instrument as A Complementary Forming For Student Critical Behavior to Achieve Learning Outcomes During Online Learning in New Normal Era

Online learning becomes a new alternative to subtitute face-to-face learning during the pandemic of Covid-19. It used Learning Management System (LMS) to support the learning outcomes. This condition affected students' ability in critical thinking and behavior demanding them to survive and adapt well with the new learning system. This demand was to face the challenge of 21st century which is to produce graduates with critical ability that are able to think comprehensevely and logically;and to evaluate the outcomes of certain disciplines. This research was applied qualitative approach with documentation study. The result was to create questions in HOTS level adjusted with development flow. It started from grid arrangement to question card confirmation. The question development in high school level was carried out in Ekonomi Kerakyatan dan Koperasi subject (People's Economy and Cooperative). This development led to behavior forming of individual to be able to analyze in order to improve the excellence of UMKM (Small Micro Medium Enterprises) in various case studies. The demand of creating opportunity and product prospect were also parts of this question development. The steps of card arrangement were;(1) analyzing the characteristics of HOTS questions using indicators to measure the cognitive level C-4 (analyze), C-5 (evaluate), and C-6 (create). In conclusion, the question card arrangement was able to improve the students' quality in HOTS oriented learning activity. © 2023 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.

Association between ABO blood groups and the risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 in Iraq.

OBJECTIVE: The primary goals of this research were to analyze the relationship between ABO blood types and the severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and investigate the effect of vaccination in Iraq. METHODS: Data and outcomes were gathered from the medical records of 200 patients. Patients were categorized by blood group and vaccination status in the analysis. RESULTS: In total, 200 hospitalized patients (125 men and 75 women) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and blood group (ABO) and clinical data were enrolled. Of the 200 patients, 155 (77.5%) were vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. The results illustrated that 25 patients died, which might have been attributable to a lack of vaccination or older age. Our analysis revealed that blood group O individuals were much less likely to be infected by SARS-CoV-2 than non-O subjects, whereas blood group A individuals carried a higher risk of infection. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings illustrated that immunization significantly reduces COVID-19 risk across all age groups, but there has been an increase in the number of cases because of decreased vaccine efficacy in older patients and persons with comorbidities. However, 45% vaccination coverage lowered the outbreak's peak.

Design and implementation of a smart interactive and portable system for monitoring of human vital signs

Smart systems are characterized by their efficiency high accuracy and cost reduction. One of the important fields in which the smart system is used is health care especially monitoring of human vital signs. In general, the conventional patient monitor is expensive cannot be used for remote monitoring and non-interactive. In many situations it requires remote and portable monitoring for patients such as in case of the area is outside the medical services infected diseases (e.g., COVID-19) and difficulties of a patient transferred. This paper proposes a smart interactive and portable monitor for vital human signs based on the internet of things (IoT). The proposed monitor is cheap and easy to use either directly by doctors and nurses or remotely by any person. The proposed system is designed using ESP32-microcontroller and vital-sign sensors. It measures three important vital signs including heart rate body temperature and Electrocardiography (ECG) as well as the environment temperature of the patient. The measured signs can be monitored from anywhere in the world through a smartphone application in real-time. Furthermore, the doctor can send instructions and descriptions to the patients in real-time using the same phone application that is designed in this work. Smart systems are characterized by their efficiency high accuracy and cost reduction. One of the important fields in which the smart system is used is health care especially monitoring of human vital signs. In general, the conventional patient monitor is expensive cannot be used for remote monitoring and non-interactive. In many situations it requires remote and portable monitoring for patients such as in case of the area is outside the medical services infected diseases (e.g., COVID-19) and difficulties of a patient transferred. This paper proposes a smart interactive and portable monitor for vital human signs based on the internet of things (IoT). The proposed monitor is cheap and easy to use either directly by doctors and nurses or remotely by any person. The proposed system is designed using ESP32-microcontroller and vital-sign sensors. It measures three important vital signs including heart rate body temperature and Electrocardiography (ECG) as well as the environment temperature of the patient. The measured signs can be monitored from anywhere in the world through a smartphone application in real-time. Furthermore, the doctor can send instructions and descriptions to the patients in real-time using the same phone application that is designed in this work.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Iraqi Community: a descriptive study based on data reported from the Ministry of Health in Iraq.

INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus is a new pandemic disease that has emerged in Wuhan, China, and then spreads around the world. The cases number of the COVID-19, which have been daily reported in Iraq, has risen slowly. However, no confirmed study has been undertaken to evaluate the situation of the COVID-19 in concerning the confirmed cases, death cases, and recovered. METHODOLOGY: The current study is undertaken to describe and assess the COVID-19 of the present situation in Iraq out of the range of the confirmed, deaths and recovered cases from the date 21 February to 30 April 2020 in Iraq. RESULTS: The study findings have revealed that there is a gradual increase of COVID-19 cases onwards until the top peak in 7th Apr. in which the cases reach 684, then decrease regularly. The total infected people of the study scope is 2085 persons according to the Ministry of Health in Iraq, while the World Health Organization (WHO) states 2003 person. The spatial distribution quantile map showed the hot spots in the province of Babylon, Maysan, and Diyala. However, less was found in three provinces (Nineveh, Salahaddin, and Al Anbar). The result shows that 39% recovered and 3% death cases out of total infected people. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 in Iraq comes to be limited via the procedures of Iraqi government. However, the infected people will be increased gradually and many international reports that predict the end of this pandemic in the world will be doubtful as there are many vaccines developed and under development which led to reduce to effect of this pandemic.

Detrimental effects of quarantine, social lockdown and other social suffers due to Covid - 19 pandemic on human health aspects

Background: Novel corona virus disease (Covid - 19) infection is a very highly transmissible type of viral infectious diseases. Human movement control and other control measures had definitely led to decreasing virus transmission power in china. In spite of its positive effects on limiting the number of infections by SARS COV2, lockdown and quarantine do has also negative sequels on general public health. These effects resembled by psychological, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal effects. Aim of the review: to focus the light on the possible negative detrimental effects of social lockdown and quarantine on human health status. Results: It was seen during the previous studies and evidences with prior pandemics and endemics related to viral infections that lockdown and quarantine were usually ended with many obnoxious effects on human health and life. These were primarily apparent and seen in long-term pandemics more than one month and some even within days of pandemics. These include commonly psychological effects, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal effects. Discussion and conclusion: Many detrimental blameworthy effects were noticed on patients quarantined for ten days or more due to viral pandemic in the previous events and it was noticed in SARS COV 2 pandemic as well. Psychological effects like anxiety, irritability, mood changes and others resembled the most common type of problems seen in population on pandemics. Elevated blood pressure, ischemic heart diseases and others were also worsened after people quarantine. Vitamin D decline due to less sun exposure and muscle pain in addition to lower and upper back pain resembled the musculoskeletal arm of bad effects related to social lockdown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (09752366) is the property of Association of Indian Pharmacist and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Outcomes Evaluated in Controlled Clinical Trials on the Management of COVID-19: A Methodological Systematic Review.

It is crucial that randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) evaluate the outcomes that are critical to patients and clinicians, to facilitate relevance, interpretability, and comparability. This methodological systematic review describes the outcomes evaluated in 415 RCTs on the management of COVID-19, that were registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, by 5 May 2020, and the instruments used to measure these outcomes. Significant heterogeneity was observed in the selection of outcomes and instruments. Mortality, adverse events and treatment success or failure are only evaluated in 64.4%, 48.4% and 43% of the included studies, respectively, while other outcomes are selected less often. Studies focusing on more severe presentations (hospitalized patients or requiring intensive care) most frequently evaluate mortality (72.5%) and adverse events (55.6%), while hospital admission (50.8%) and viral detection/load (55.6%) are most frequently assessed in the community setting. Outcome measurement instruments are poorly reported and heterogeneous. Follow-up does not exceed one month in 64.3% of these earlier trials, and long-term COVID-19 burden is rarely assessed. The methodological issues identified could delay the introduction of potentially life-saving treatments in clinical practice. Our findings demonstrate the need for greater consistency, to enable decision makers to compare and contrast studies.

Vascular obliteration because of endothelial and myointimal growth in COVID-19 patients.

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a systemic multi-organ viral illness. Previous studies have found that many patients had a procoagulant state and/or severe hypoxemia with relatively well-preserved lung mechanics. Mechanisms underlying the damage to vascular tissues are not well-elucidated yet. Histological data in COVID-19 patients are still limited and are mainly focused on post-mortem analysis. Given that the skin is affected by COVID-19 and the relative ease of its histological examination, we aimed to examine the histology of skin lesions in COVID-19 patients to better understand the disease's pathology. METHODS: Five skin lesions from COVID-19 adult patients were selected for a deep histological tissue examination. RESULTS: A strong vasculopathic reaction pattern based on prominent vascular endothelial and myointimal cell growth was identified. Endothelial cell distortion generated vascular lumen obliteration and striking erythrocyte and serum extravasation. Significant deposition of C4d and C3 throughout the vascular cell wall was also identified. A regenerative epidermal hyperplasia with tissue structure preservation was also observed. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 could comprise an obliterative microangiopathy consisting on endothelial and myointimal growth with complement activation. This mechanism, together with the increased vascular permeability identified, could contribute to obliteration of the vascular lumen and hemorrhage in COVID-19. Thus, anticoagulation by itself could not completely reverse vascular lumen obliteration, with consequent increased risk of hemorrhage. Findings of this study could contribute to a better understanding of physiopathological mechanisms underlying COVID-19 on living patients and could help further studies find potential targets for specific therapeutic interventions in severe cases.